Based on this and our previous studies we consider over-expression of TGF-β and TGF-β receptors in leiomyomas of African Americans result in further amplification of their signaling, targeted transcription factors and downstream genes expression, which are already altered in leiomyomas as compared to myometrium [7,19,22,25-28]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to leiomyoma.