Onat et al. (2001) reported that income was inversely associated with CRP levels in minimally adjusted models, among women significantly, but that this association lost significance in fully adjusted models [41], Alley et al. (2005) found that higher income was protective against moderately elevated CRP levels (1.1–3.0 mg/L) when adjusted for variables including age, sex, race/ethnicity, obesity and smoking; effect sizes were not provided. This evidence concerns the gene CRP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.