It is interesting that DNA microarray analysis from right ventricular biopsies of patients with tetralogy of Fallot demonstrated that genes encoding ECM proteins, such as collagen type I, III, IX, XV and fibronectin, were upregulated versus age-matched controls [47], suggesting that the increase of these ECM proteins has a potential role in CHD. This evidence concerns the gene FN1 and Tetralogy of Fallot.