Nikol et al demonstrated increased expression of TGF-β1 in human atherosclerotic plaques, and it was subsequently demonstrated that diabetic patients presenting with an acute myocardial infarction revealed decreased smooth muscle cells (SMCs), increased macrophages and TGF-β1 into the culprit lesion [8,9]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is acute myocardial infarction.