The release of ROS increases mitochondrial pore permeability that in turn triggers the releaseof cytochrome c and other proapoptotic factors from retinalmitochondria initiating apoptosis via activation of caspases[95, 96], and increased cytochrome c is observed in the retinaand its capillary cells in diabetes [36, 53, 83]. Here, CYCS is linked to diabetes mellitus.