Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) that catalyzes the formation ofprostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is induced by IL-1, and COX-2and PGE2 are reported to contribute to the development ofdiabetic retinopathy by modulating VEGF-mediated vascularpermeability and angiogenesis [117]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is retinal disorder.