Among the TGF-β family, which comprises TGF-β1, -β2 and -β3, TGF-β1 is most abundantly expressed, especially in various pathological conditions including chronic inflammatory diseases (Marek et al, 2002) and cancer (Tsushima et al, 1996; Akhurst and Derynck, 2001; Elliott and Blobe, 2005; Bierie and Moses, 2006). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.