INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: We found in the literature many instruments that evaluate self-efficacy in diabetes cases: the Diabetes Empowerment Scale (DES) and the Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale (DSES), which evaluate self-efficacy in type 1 and 2 diabetics;24,25 the Self-Efficacy in Adolescent Girls and Boys With Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus scale, which is specific for type 1 diabetics;16 and the Insulin Management Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale (IMDSES).