Since we have found that TSC2 specifically binds to HPV16 E6 and leads to the elevated S6 kinase phosphorylation independent of extra cellular stimuli, to examine if upregulation of active S6 kinase occurs in vivo as a result of HPV16 infection, we determined phosphorylated S6 kinase in cervical cancer and esophageal cancer with or without HPV16 infection. Here, TSC2 is linked to esophageal cancer.