VEGFA and central nervous system cancer: Currently, a variety of agents that target cell membrane receptors, downstream signal transduction pathways, and angiogenesis are being tested alone or in combination with radiation therapy and chemotherapy in the setting of primary or progressive disease.(16–18) High response rates of 63% and median survival in excess of 6 months were recently reported for patients with recurrent glioma treated with irinotecan and bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor.(16)