Because the P. falciparum homologue, pfmdr1, has been shown to modulate the responses of malaria parasites to both artemisinin derivatives and to chloroquine, the effect of UBP-1 mutations upon possible post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination or phosphorylation) of the mdr1 gene product may be worthy of further study in P. falciparum. Here, UBP1 is linked to malaria.