SELE and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: While a number of studies have also associated elevated soluble E-selectin levels with this mutation and identified it as a risk factor for DM2 in general [14-16], others seem to point to a gender (female)-related association of the soluble E-selectin levels with the disease [17-21], independent of obesity and elevated levels of inflammatory markers or other cell-adhesion molecules.