In a nested case-control study in Swedish elderly men [7], factors associated with insulin resistance (heart rate, serum proinsulin, a high proportion of dihomogammalinolenic acid in serum cholesterol esters and hypophosphataemia) were associated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction after 20-year follow-up, independently of ischaemic heart disease, hypertension and medications. This evidence concerns the gene INS and heart disorder.