These results indicate that VEGF plays a role as an internal autocrine survival factor in breast cancer cells via VEGFR1 and not through VEGFR2 or NRP1, and suggest that the role of the VEGF/VEGFR1 axis in breast cancer cells may not be governed by the classical paradigm of signal transduction involving interaction between ligands and cell surface receptors. Here, VEGFA is linked to breast cancer.