INS and familial pancreatic carcinoma: Further support for this mechanisms is lent by epidemiologic studies in which prediagnostic elevations in fasting serum glucose, post-load plasma glucose, and fasting serum insulin have been associated with an elevated risk of pancreatic cancer (Gapstur et al, 2000; Jee et al, 2005; Stolzenberg-Solomon et al, 2005).