A study of 93 pancreatic cancer cases from the Alpha-Tocopherol, β-Carotene (ATBC) Cancer Prevention Study of Finnish, male smokers found no association between IGF-I, IGFBP-3, or IGF-I : IGFBP-3 molar ratio and the risk of pancreatic cancer (Stolzenberg-Solomon et al, 2004). Here, IGF1 is linked to pancreatic neoplasm.