Phalloidin staining and quantification of the efficiency of pedestal formation (see Methods) revealed that EDL933 was able to induce actin accretion during infection of an Nck1−/Nck2− fibroblast cell line, at a similar efficiency to infection of a control Nck1+/Nck2+ fibroblast cell line (Fig. 3b). This evidence concerns the gene NCK1 and infection.