TFF1 and breast cancer: Of note is that the human luminal epithelial gene cluster always contains the Estrogen-Receptor (ER) and many estrogen-regulated genes, including TFF1 and SLC39A6 [22]; since most murine mammary tumors, including those profiled here, are ER-negative, the apparent lack of involvement of ER and most ER-regulated genes could explain the difference in expression for some of the human luminal epithelial genes that show discordant expression in mice.