TNF and asthma: For the other two TNF SNPs, although the results were not statistically significant, the increased risk of asthma for carrying two copies of the minor allele also appeared to be limited to cases with nonsmoking parents (RR = 2.36; 95% CI, 0.82–6.78 for TNF-1031C; RR = 1.32; 95% CI, 0.76–2.29 for TNF-857T).