TNF and asthma: Among cases with non-smoking parents, carrying one copy of the ht6 (CACCGA) haplotype containing the TNF-238A allele or one copy of the ht5 haplotype exhibited an increased risk of asthma (RR = 2.15; 95% CI, 1.21–3.82; p = 0.0082 for ht5; RR = 2.40; 95% CI, 1.18–4.81; p = 0.014 for ht6).