IFNB1 and rheumatoid arthritis: This gene is expressed at high levels in immune such as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, monocytes and dendritic cells (USCS Genome Browser–GNF expression Atlas, [22]) The upregulation of IFIH1 in RA patients could be explained by the increased expression of IFNβ because IFIH1 is a highly IFNβ-inducible protein that is thought important in mediating IFNβ effects such as growth inhibition and apoptosis [23].