Activated protein C (aPC) has anti-thrombotic, pro-fibrinolytic and anti-inflammatory properties and confers a relative mortality reduction of 22% in patients with severe sepsis and ≥ 2 organ dysfunction [4,5] and has recently been reported to be beneficial in severe falciparum malaria [6,7] and leptospirosis [7]. This evidence concerns the gene PROC and leptospirosis.