Despite this, predominantly univariate candidates have been studied as potential novel biomarkers in CKD [urinary cytokines such as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) or transforming growth factor β (TGFβ); podocyte or mononuclear cell excretion; urinary β-2-microglobulin/creatinine or retinol binding protein (RBP)/albumin ratios)]. Here, CCN2 is linked to chronic kidney disease.