In a cohort of 103 adults undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, AKI (defined as a 0.3 mg/dl increase in serum creatinine) developed in 31%, in whom the urinary KIM-1 levels increased by about 40% at 2 h postsurgery and by more than 100% at the 24-h time point [43]. This evidence concerns the gene HAVCR1 and acute kidney injury.