In particular, transcription regulators (ATF3, PIGR), genes encoding proteins with cytokine and growth factor activity (PTN, CX3CL1) and genes encoding proteins involved in ion transport and metabolism (ATP1A2, MMP7) were downregulated in ductal carcinomas when compared with normal cells (Table 3). Here, CX3CL1 is linked to breast ductal adenocarcinoma.