TNF and colitis: As shown in Figure 7, the colitis, developed after TNBS administration, largely enhanced the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-12, IL-23, IL-17, Cox-2, IL-10, and IFNβ genes, with a fold increase in mRNA levels of 28.7, 89.26, 303.9, 36.03, 9.14, 329.00, 32.07, 10.89, and 24.16, respectively compared to healthy mice.