Recent studies have shown that downregulation of GRP78 increases hepatoma cell toxicity to troglitazone (Maniratanachote et al, 2005), and downregulation of ERp57 significantly enhances the neurotoxicity of prions, an ER stress inducer of neuronal cells (Castilla et al, 2004). Here, HSPA5 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.