In an ROC curve analysis to distinguish between the non-infected patients and all infected patients (infection without SIRS, sepsis, and severe sepsis), the markers performed with the following AUCs: HMGB1 0.59 (95% CI 0.5 to 0.68), CRP 0.83 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.89), PCT 0.76 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.84), LBP 0.79 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.86), IL-6 0.82 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.88), sCD163 0.59 (95% CI 0.5 to 0.68), WBC 0.70 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.78), and neutrophils 0.69 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.77). The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is infection.