CDKN2A and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Although in primary glioblastoma loss of the tumour suppressors p16/Cdkn2/Ink4 and PTEN as well as amplifications in EGFR and HDM2 are frequent, secondary glioblastomas lose p53 already at the stage of low-grade astrocytoma (Mao and Hamoudi, 2000; Zhu and Parada, 2002).