Downie-Doyle and colleagues have recently reported a significant association of the CTLA-4 +49A/G*A allele and of the CTLA-4 +49A/G*A allele carrier haplotypes with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), especially in patients with anti-SSA or anti-SSB antibodies, in a study including 111 Australian patients with pSS and 156 controls [3]. The gene discussed is SSB; the disease is peeling skin syndrome.