LAMP1 and infection: SCV in tbk1+/+ cells were colocalized with LAMP-1 throughout the entire course of infection, with 94.5% colocalization at 2 h p.i. In contrast, as early as 90 min p.i. in tbk1−/− cells, individual Salmonella lost association with LAMP-1, and at 2 h p.i., only 63.0% of bacteria exhibited colocalization.