There is also evidence that release of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 by blood cells in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may be increased in patients following AIS, relative to controls [18,19], suggesting that leukocytes of patients with AIS may be primed to release cytokines in response to a secondary stimulus. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and androgen insensitivity syndrome.