VIP and ischemia: As a consequence of this high variance, most changes depicted in Figure 1 were not found to be statistical significant whereas ischemia-induced alterations of c-fos, c-jun, Hmox1, Gfap, Vim, Gria1, Gria2, Pvalb, Thy1, nestin, VIP, and Thy1 were all highly significant [18,24].