Our results for TGFB1 are in accord with Ng and colleagues' study which also failed to find an association between the TGFB1: -800G>A, -509C>T, +869T>C or +915G>C polymorphisms and diabetic nephropathy in US Caucasians with type 1 diabetes [34]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.