To evaluate the potential contribution of additional CTL responses against the region we tested all the appropriate autologous peptide variants of eight known CTL epitopes, and also included six peptides from the HIV-1 group M consensus Nef (15-mer) peptides set (NIH AIDS Research and Reference Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH) spanning five other positions, in a sample obtained at estimated week 158 from infection. Here, S100B is linked to infection.