TLR3 and glioma: While clinical development of adoptive transfer therapy using Type-1 CTLs specific for glioma-associated antigens (GAAs) and genetic delivery of IFN-α are feasible, efficient vaccine-based approaches may be developed as more logistically attractive alternatives, potentially by administration of a "natural" inducers of IFN, such as a Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 ligand, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly-IC) [2,3], stabilized with poly-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose (poly-ICLC) [4] as adjuvants.