Furthermore, in vitro studies (submitted in a different publication) show the ability of Cissus quadrangularis extracts to inhibit pancreatic lipase by approximately 60%, alpha-amylase by approximately 90%, as well as alpha-glucosidase by approximately 39%, all of which could contribute to weight reduction in obesity. The gene discussed is PNLIP; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.