Because the previous studies described above showed that PKR, pJNK, and p38MAPK play a role in Ad-mda7-mediated cell-death and because we found that these markers were activated in Ad-mda7-treated ovarian cancer cells, we next analyzed caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP, all of which are downstream of PKR, p38MAPK, and pJNK, to determine whether they are activated in apoptotic cells. Here, CASP9 is linked to ovarian cancer.