Early studies have demonstrated that peripheral blood CD56+, CD16+ NK cells derived from CML patients were inferior to cells purified of a similar phenotype from healthy controls in terms of cytotoxic activity towards K-562 cells, as well as IFN-γ and IL-1 production in response to PHA [55]. The gene discussed is NCAM1; the disease is chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.