Based on a four-tiered scale, moderate to strong positive staining of tumour cells was observed for Sdc1 in 108 out of 150 (72%), for c-met in 69 out of 142 (48.6%) and for E-cad in 101 out of 149 (67.8%) evaluable DCIS samples. The gene discussed is CDH1; the disease is ductal breast carcinoma in situ.