Our analysis reveals the alteration of two major components of the neuronal cytoskeleton in the ALS motor cortex at the mRNA level, showing a general down-regulation of microtubules by pathway-based analysis and deregulation of two genes encoding tubulin beta (TUBB2A, TUBB6), as well as decreased expression of all three neurofilament subunits (NEFL, NEF3, NEFH). This evidence concerns the gene NEFL and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.