TNF and cancer: Stimulation of pDCs through TLR-7/myeloid differentiation response gene 88 (My-D88)/IRF-7 signaling induces expression of interferon (IFN)-α, which appears to act upon natural killer (NK) cells and conventional dendritic cells (DCs) to stimulate IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCPs) and other cytokines [5,8,9] This immunological cascade leads within two weeks to apoptotic death of cancer cells and their substitution by a mononuclear cell infiltrate [3-5,8]