On the contrary, several non-ISGs identified by this study delineate potent inflammatory (CCL7/MCP-3, CCL4/MIP-β, and so on) and cytotoxic (granzymes, perforin, NKG-5, and so on) functions rarely observed in chronically inflamed tissues but described in the acute inflammation associated with destruction of a tumor [38] or allograft [37], liver damage in HCV-induced cirrhosis [36] or gut dysfunction during flares of Crohn's disease [39]. This evidence concerns the gene PRF1 and neoplasm.