PPP1R13L and neoplasm: In addition, co-expression of ASPP1 and ASPP2 inhibits, whereas expression of iASPP enhances, the transforming activity of the oncogenes RAS and E1A in rat embryo fibroblasts, further implicating ASPP1 and ASPP2 as tumour suppressors, whereas iASPP is likely to be a proto-oncogene (Bergamaschi et al, 2003b).