Among the downregulated genes are CASP1, ELAC1, INCENP, ME2, and PLA2G2A. CASP1 has been shown to induce apoptosis, and disruption of apoptotic pathways is in general an important factor in tumor development, and downregulation of this gene has also previously been reported in primary CRCs [30]. Here, ELAC1 is linked to neoplasm.