Notably, the levels of most CD4+ T helper-1 (TH1) cytokines (interleukin [IL]-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and T helper-2 (TH2) cytokines (IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13) were similar in both SLE and control groups (Table S1). This evidence concerns the gene IL9 and systemic lupus erythematosus.