Consistent with these findings, Bäckhed et al. have demonstrated that LPS antigens isolated from wild-type strains of E. coli stimulate significantly higher levels of IL-8 from human bladder carcinoma cells (T24 cells) than penta-acylated LPS antigens isolated from waaN (lpxM) mutants (Backhed et al., 2001). The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is urinary bladder carcinoma.