Briefly, Akt/PKB and AMPK antagonistically regulate the activity of a TSC1-TSC2 complex, another human tumor suppressor [70], through direct phosphorylation of TSC2 [55,71-73], such that when insulin signaling is elevated and the AMP:ATP ratio is low, the TSC complex is antagonized by Akt/PKB, and is not activated by AMPK. Here, TSC2 is linked to neoplasm.