Binding of complement proteins to tumour antigens enhances their capture, processing, and presentation to T and B lymphocytes (Arvieux et al, 1988, Carroll, 2004), and with PDT-generated cancer vaccines this property appears critically important for securing ardent immune recognition of targeted tumour and the development of effective antitumour adaptive response (Korbelik and Sun, 2006). Here, VTN is linked to cancer.