In addition, PIs induced growth arrest and apoptosis of multiple myeloma (MM) cells via inhibition of signalling through activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT 3) and extracellular signal-related kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) (Ikezoe et al, 2004b). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK3 and Miyoshi myopathy.