A comparable effect was observed in the RCC cell lines, where the NIM level of APAF-1 decreased from 178 to 45% (39%) after treatment with 5-Aza-CdR (zebularine) in A498 and from 149 to 37% (31%) in the ClearCa-5 cell line. Here, APAF1 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.