For instance, the increased expression of p16INK4A has been described to be associated with progression and unfavourable prognosis in ovarian cancer (Dong et al, 1997), in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (Henshall et al, 2001) and in primary breast cancer (Hui et al, 2000). This evidence concerns the gene CDKN2A and ovarian carcinoma.