CXCR4 and renal cell adenocarcinoma: Furthermore, our results confirmed that the up-regulation of CXCR4 expression in RCC induced by these conditions was mediated by the direct physical interaction between the HIF-1α transcription factor and its specific binding sites on the CXCR4 promoter region, which is probably the hypoxia response element (HRE), as suggested by previous studies [33,35,45].