TIMP1 and neoplasm: This paradoxical finding has been suggested to be the consequence of distinct tumour-stimulating functions demonstrated for TIMP-1, for example, stimulation of proliferation (Hayakawa et al, 1992) and inhibition of apoptosis (Guedez et al, 1998; Li et al, 1999; Murphy et al, 2002; Lee et al, 2003; Liu et al, 2003, 2005; Boulday et al, 2004; Murphy et al, 2004).